1. See, for example, Stephen Cohen, ‘Gorbachev and the Soviet reformation’, in Stephen Cohen and Katrina vanden Heuvel (1989), Voices of Glasnost: Interviews with Gorbachev’s Reformers (New York and London: Norton), pp. 13–32.
2. Robert Byrnes (1983), After Brezhnev (Bloomington: Indiana University Press). The authors were Robert Byrnes, Seweryn Bialer, Robert Campbell, Coit Blacker, Gail Lapidus, Maurice Friedberg, Andrzej Korbonski, and Adam Ulam.
3. For an exceptionally stimulating and wide-ranging discussion of this question, which used as a springboard a symposium on the reasons for the Soviet collapse in The National Interest, no. 31, Spring 1993, see Dominic Lieven (1994), ‘Western scholarship on the rise and fall of the Soviet regime: The view from 1993’, The Journal of Contemporary History, XXIX, 195–227.
4. Alexander Yakovlev (1983), The Tate of Marxism in Russia (New Haven: Yale University Press), pp.228, 211.
5. Nearly 80 issues of this voluminous privately circulated journal were compiled between 1964 and 1971. Many of them were published in Russian by the Alexander Herzen Foundation in Amsterdam, in two volumes, Politicheskii dnevnik, 1972 and 1975. Selected articles make up Stephen F. Cohen (ed.) (1982), An End To Silence (New York: Random House).