1. J.C. Burnham, How the Idea of Profession Changed the Writing of Medical History (London: Wellcome, 1998), p. 8
2. J. Howell, Technology in the Hospital: Transforming patient care in the twentieth century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), p. 17.
3. Jennifer Stanton (ed.), Innovations in Health and Medicine (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 5, 7
4. S. Blume, Insight and Industry: On the dynamics of technological change in medicine (Cambridge: Mass.: MIT Press, 1992)
5. R.S. Cowan, A Social History of American Technology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 2–4