1. Heidelberg University has produced an Electronic Index to the Early Shenbao, 1872–1895 ( www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de /database/Shenbao), and a study of this early period is Barbara Mittler, A Newspaper for China? Power, Identity, and Change in Shanghai’s News Media, 1872–1912 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).
2. Sherman Cochran, Big Business in China, Sino-Foreign Rivalry in the Cigarette Industry, 1890–1930 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980)
3. Sherman Cochran, ‘Three Roads into Shanghai’s Market: Japanese, Western, and Chinese Companies in the Match Trade: 1895–1937’, in Shanghai Sojourners, ed. Frederic Wakeman, Jr. and Wen-hsin Yeh (Berkeley: University of California, 1992), pp. 35–75.
4. Susan L. Glosser, ‘The Business of Family: You Huaigao and the Commercialization of a May Fourth Ideal’, Republican China, 20:2 (April 1995) 80–115
5. Carlton Benson, ‘The Manipulation of Tanci in Radio Shanghai during the 1930s’, Republican China, 20:2 (April 1995) 117–46.