1. G. Borgese, ‘The Intellectual Origins of Fascism’, Social Research 1, no. 4, 1934, pp. 475–6.
2. This is, of course, a highly particular and partial définition of ‘culture’. For a survey of its polysemic nature and complex relationship to ‘ideology’ see R. Griffin, ‘Ideology and Culture’, Journal of Political Ideologies 11, no. 1, 2006, pp. 77–99.
3. F. Pohlmann, ‘Der faschistische Proteus—Eine fortschrittliche Aufklärung aus England über das Wesen eines vielgesichtiges Phenomens’, Erwägen, Wissen, Ethik 15, no. 3, 2004, pp. 339–42.
4. D. Prowe, ‘“Classic” Fascism and the New Radical Right in Western Europe: Comparisons and Contrasts’, Contemporary European History 3, no. 3, 1994, pp. 289–314.
5. G. L. Mosse, ‘The Genesis of Fascism’, Journal of Contemporary History 1, no. 1, 1966, pp. 19–20.