1. Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary-General, “Final Address as Secretary-General to the Truman Museum and Library” (December 11, 2006),
http://www.un.org
/News/ossg/sg/stories/statments_full.asp?statlD=40; Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary-General, “Acceptance Speech on Appointment as the 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations” (October 3, 2006),
http://www.un.org
/News/dh/infocus/sg_elect/ban_speech.htm; Gareth Evans, president of the International Crisis Group and cochair of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, “From Principle to Practice—Implementing the Responsibility toProtect” (April 26, 2007),
http://www.crisisgroup.org
/home/index.cfm?id=4802&1=1; Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, Security Council, “Responsibility to Protect Civilian Populations Paramount, Special Committee on Peacekeeping Told,” press release, February 28, 2006, UN Doc. GA/PK/188,
http://www.un.org
/News/Press/docs/2006/gapk188.doc.htm (here inafter Special Committee Press Release").
2. UN GAOR, Sixtieth Session, 8th plen. mtg., UN Doc. A/RES/60/1, para. 138 (October 24, 2005; hereinafter 2005 World Summit Outcome). See also UN SCOR, Sixty-first Session, 5,430th mtg., UN Doc. S/RES/1674, para. 4 (April 28, 2006): The Security Council “reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome document regarding the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.”
3. “The international community, through the United Nations, also has the responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means, in accordance with Chapters VI and VIII of the Charter, to help to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. In this context, we are prepared to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter, including Chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in cooperation with relevant regional organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate and national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. We stress the need for the General Assembly to continue consideration of the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and its implications, bearing in mind the principles of the Charter and international law. We also intend to commit ourselves, as necessary and appropriate, to helping States build capacity to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and to assisting those which are under stress before crises and conflicts break out.” Ibid., para. 139.
4. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), The Responsibility to Protect, XI (December 2001),
http://www.iciss.ca
/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf.
5. Ibid., XII.