1. Robert C. Holub, Jürgen Habermas: Critic in the Public Sphere (London: Routledge, 1991), 1–205.
2. Alan McKee, The Public Sphere: An Introduction (London: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6.
3. Dale Eickelman, “The Coming Transformation of the Muslim World,” Middle East Review of International Affairs 3, no. 3 (September 1999), http://www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/meria/journal/1999/issue3/jb3n3a8.html (accessed September 14, 2008).
4. Armando Salvatore and Dale Eickelman, “Muslim Publics,” in Public Islam and the Common Good, ed. Armando Salvatore and Dale Eickelman (Boston: Brill, 2006), 3–27, 7–8.
5. Peter Dahlgren, “Introduction,” in Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and Public Sphere, ed. Peter Dahlgren and Colin Sparks (London: Routledge, 1997), 1–24, 7.