1. Chris Allen, “Understanding African Politics,” Review of African Political Economy 65 (1995), p. 315; he suggests that Mozambique and Angola would have followed similar paths, but for external intervention.
2. See for instance, Aristide Zolberg, Creating Political Order: The Party States of West Africa (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966);
3. Lionel Cliffe, One Party Democracy: The 1965 Tanzania General Elections (Nairobi, Kenya: East Africa Publishing House, 1967).
4. R. Southall, “Post-Colonial Legitimacy in Lesotho” in Limits to Liberation in Southern Africa, ed. H. Melber (Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press, 2003), p. 129; See also
5. Henning Melber, “From Liberation Movements to Governments: On Political Culture in Southern Africa,” African Sociological Review 6, 1 (2002), pp. 161–172;