1. James McCosh, “Upper Schools,” in The Addresses and Journal of Proceedings of the National Educational Association, Session of the Year 187? (The National Educational Association, 1873), 23.
2. Ibid., 35. For his description of McCosh, see D. C. Gilman, “The Future of American Colleges and Universities,” The Atlantic Monthl? 78 (August 1896), 175–176.
3. S. H. Carpenter, “The Relation of the Different Educational Institutions of the State,” Wisconsin Journal of Educatio? 4 (March 1874), 86.
4. United States Bureau of Education, Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 187? (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1878), lxxi; Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 187? (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880), lxxx–lxxxi.
5. United States Bureau of Education, Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 187? (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1874), lii.