1. The English translation, problematically titled, is Pierre Nora, ed., Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, trans. Arthur Goldhammer, 3 vols. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996–1998). For European examples see Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan, eds., War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999); T.G. Ashplant, Graham Dawson, and Michael Roper, eds., The Politics of War Memory and Commemoration (London: Routledge, 2000); Jan-Werner Muller, ed., Memory and Power in Post-War Europe: Studies in the Presence of the Past (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
2. For a survey, see Robert D. Schulzinger, “Memory and Understanding U.S. Foreign Relations,” in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 336–52.
3. Nora’s general introduction in Realms of Memory, 1:17; Henry Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), 241–70.
4. Keith Wilson, ed., Forging the Collective Memory: Governments and International Historians through the Two World Wars (Oxford: Berghahn, 1996); Jeffrey Grey, The Last Word? Essays on Official History in the United States and British Commonwealth (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2003); David Reynolds, In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War (New York: Random House, 2005).
5. Emily S. Rosenberg, A Date Which Will Live in Infamy: Pearl Harbor in American Memory (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003), 3, 5, who argues that “in recent American culture, historical memory…is inseparable from the modern media, in all their forms” and that the distinction between “memory” and professional “history” has “little significance” when studying the place of World War II in American culture in the late twentieth century.