1. Evan Haefeli, “Kieft’s War and the Cultures of Violence in Colonial America,” in Michael A. Bellesiles (ed.), Lethal Imagination: Violence and Brutality in American History (New York: New York University Press, 1999), pp. 26–7.
2. Faren R. Siminoff, Crossing the Sound: The Rise of Atlantic American Communities in Seventeenth Century Eastern Long Island (New York: New York University Press, 2004).
3. Richard Maxwell Brown, Strains of Violence; Historical Studies of American Violence and Vigilantism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), pp. 43–4.
4. W. Eugene Hollon, Frontier Violence: Another Look (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 8.
5. Joan de Lourdes Leonard, “Elections in Colonial Pennsylvania,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Series, Vol. 11, No. 3 (1954), pp. 385–401, and William T. Parsons, “The Bloody Election of 1742,” Pennsylvania History, Vol. 36, No. 3 (1969), p. 290.