1. Perhaps the most dramatic imprint has been economic and linguistic. See Linda Marguerite Rupert, Roots of our Future: A Commercial History of Curaçao (Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles: Curaçao Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 1999)
2. Linda Marguerite Rupert, “Trading Globally, Speaking Locally,” Jewish Culture and History 7:1/2 (2004): 109–22; Jacques Arends, “The History of Surinamese Creoles I: A Sociohistorical Survey,” 115–30, 118–19 and Norval Smith, “The History of Surinamese Creoles II: Origin and Differentiation,” 131–51, 140 and 146–47
3. both in Eithne B. Carlin and Jacques Arends, eds., Atlas of the Languages of Suriname (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002). Ashkenazim, present in Suriname since the late seventeenth century and in significant numbers on Curaçao only since the 1930s, fall outside the parameters of this article
4. Eva Abraham-van der Mark, “The Ashkenazi Jews of Curaçao, a Trading Minority,” New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 74. 3 & 4 (2000): 257–80.
5. This data is derived by the author from Cornelis Christiaan Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas, 1680–1791 (Assen/Maastricht, The Netherlands and Dover, New Hampshire: Van Gorcum, 1985), 279, 291, 309, 341, and 519.