1. For sources on the Frelimo postindependence state, see inter alia, Hans Abrahamsson and Anders Nilsson, Mozambique: The Troubled Transition from Socialist Construction to Free Market Capitalism (London: Zed Books, 1995);
2. Chris Alden, Mozambique and the Construction of the New African State: From Negotiations to Nation Building (Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001);
3. Merle Bowen, “Beyond Reform: Adjustment and Political Power in Contemporary Mozambique,” Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 2 (1992): 255–79;
4. Michel Cahen, “État et Pouvoir Populaire dans le Mozambique Indépendant,” Politique Africaine 19 (1990): 36–60; Mozambique: La Révolution Implosée (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1987);
5. Giovanni M. Carbone, “Emerging Pluralist Politics in Mozambique: The Frelimo-Renamo Party System;’ (London School of Economics, 2003);