1. Another catalyst, fear of social disorder, upheaval, contamination by the poor, or national deterioration, seemed strongest in Britain. Arthur S. Link and Richard L. McCormick, Progressivism (Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1983), 21;
2. Eileen Janes Yeo, The Contest for Social Science: Relations and Representations of Gender and Class (London: River Oram, 1996), 210.
3. Peter Clarke, “The Progressive Movement in England,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 24 (1974): 159–81.
4. The term Progressive originated in Britain in 1889 when Liberal, Fabian, and socialist members of the London County Council (LCC) were referred to collectively but awkwardly as progressists, which eventually became Progressive. Reformers unconnected with the LCC such as Clementina Black also used the term to describe themselves. In the Edwardian era, the term became associated with national politics, describing the New Liberals who promoted an alliance with the Labour Party. Fabians also adopted the nomenclature. In the postwar era, brewers who espoused the improved public house became self-described Progressives. Americans appropriated the term, which became fashionable in the United States in the 1910 elections; Sydney Nevile, The First Half-Century: A Review of the Developments of the Licensed Trade and the Improvement of the Public House during the Past Fifty Years (London: n.p., 1949);
5. Sydney O. Nevile, “The Improved Public-House Movement,” House of Whitbread 3 (1926): 2;