1. Several studies on this topic already exist, and there is a considerable amount of literature on the specific issues that faced the churches on both continents. The works of Haim Genizi (American Apathy) and William Nawyn (American Protestantism’s Response to Germany’s Jews and Refugees, 1933–1941) offer detailed studies of Christian refugee attempts in the United States. J. N. Nichols’s study of religious refugee work (The Uneasy Alliance) has an analysis of work in this field before 1933, as well as an excellent chapter on the Nazi era. Robert Ross’s study of the U.S. religious press (So It Was True) during the period, while not about refugee efforts per se, offers much insight into the mentality and apathy of church members. In Europe, the role played by the churches in refugee work and rescue is usually discussed in the broader context of their ties to the Confessing Church and the church struggle and, during the war, to the German resistance. In addition to the numerous memoirs and accounts of individual Christian rescue activities, Adolf Freudenberg’s Rettet sie doch and Armin Boyens’s two-volume work Kirchenkampf und Ökumene look at the ecumenical efforts to help refugees. Winfried Meyer’s Unternehmen Sieben and Klemens von Klemperer’s German Resistance against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad shed additional light on the German resistance’s attempts to use church connections to gain support abroad and to assist the small networks in Europe that were rescuing Jews from Nazism. More recently, two excellent studies of ecumenical networks in Europe have appeared: Uta Gerdes, Ökumenische Solidarität mit christlichen und jüdischen Verfolgten: Die Cimade in Vichy-Frankreich 1940–1944 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005)
2. Jörg Ernesti, Ökumene im Dritten Reich (Paderborn: Bornifatius, 2007)
3. The minutes of U.S. Executive Committee of the World Alliance. Federal Council of Churches (FCC) papers, Presbyterian Historical Archive (PHA), RG 18 Box 44 F 10: “World Alliance for International Friendship, Correspondence, Jan 1917-Dec 1945.” For a study of earlier interfaith efforts in this country, see Lawrence G. Charap, “‘Accept the Truth from Whomsoever [sic] Gives It’: Jewish-Protestant Dialogue, Interfaith Alliances, and Pluralism, 1880–1910,” American Jewish History 89, no. 3 (Sept. 2001): 261–77.
4. Lerond Curry, Protestant-Catholic Relations in America: World War II through Vatican II (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1972), 23.
5. Andrew Chandler, ed., Brethren in Adversity: Bishop George Bell, the Church of England, and the Crisis of German Protestantism, 1933–1939 (Suffolk: Church of England Record Society, 1997), 3.