1. National opinion polls in 1992 showed that 82 percent of Poles opposed a total ban on abortion, and 60 percent were in favor of legal access to abortion with no or minimal restrictions. Urszula Nowakowska and Maja Korzeniowska, “Women’s Reproductive Rights,” in Polish Women in the 90s, ed. Urszula Nowakowska (Warsaw, 2000), 221.
2. The Polish Concordat of 1993 between the state, the Episcopate, and the Vatican explicitly gives the Church a privileged political position. Andrzej Korbonski, “Poland Ten Years After: The Church,” Communist and Post- Communist Studies 33 (2000): 125.
3. Eric R. Wolf, introduction to Religious Regimes and State-Formation, ed. by E. R. Wolf (Albany, 1991) 1–6.
4. Adam Hetnal, “The Polish Catholic Church in Pre- and Post-1989 Poland: An Evaluation,” East European Quarterly 32 (Winter 1998): 503–29.
5. Hanna Diskin, The Seeds of Triumph: Church and State in Gomulka’s Poland (Budapest, 2001).