1. For a comprehensive overview of community youth development programs, see Francisco A. Villaruel, Daniel F. Perkins, Lynne M. Borden, and Joanne G. Keith, eds., Community Youth Development: Programs, Policies, and Practices (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003).
2. See also Michelle A. Gambone, Hanh Cao Yu, Heather C. Lewis-Charp, Cynthia L. Sipe, and Johanna Lacoe, A Comparative Analysis of Community Youth Development Strategies, Circle Working Paper 23, (October 2004),
http://www.cmc.youth.org
(accessed 21 June 2010);
3. and Barry Checkoway, Katie Richards-Schuster, Shakira Abdullah, Margarita Aragon, Evelyn Facio, Lisa Figueroa, Ellen Reddy, Mary Welsh, and Al White, “Young People as Competent Citizens,” Community Development Journal 38 (October 2003): 298–309.
4. Barry Checkoway, Lisa Figueroa, and Katie Richards-Schuster, “Democracy Multiplied in an Urban Neighborhood: Youth Force in the South Bronx,” Children, Youth and Environments 13 (2003): 2,
http://colorado.edu/journals/cye
(accessed 21 June 2010).
5. See for example Shawn Ginwright, Pedro Noguera, and Julio Cammarota, eds., Beyond Resistancel Youth Activism and Community Change, New Democratic Possibilities for Practice and Policy for America’s Youth (New York: Routledge, 2006);