1. John Thompson. Political Scandal, Power and Visibility in the Media Age(Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000) reminds us of the patently logical fact (also a methodological safeguard) that scandalous revelations are a “transformation of visibility” that implies the existence of an “audience.” The Indonesian “audience” for the kind of scandalous revelations mentioned in this article—i.e., readers of national newspapers such as Kompasor magazines like Forum Keadilan—is mainly composed of citizens with a level of education higher than the national average.
2. James Siegel. A New Criminal Type in Jakarta: Counter Revolution Today(Durham: Duke University Press, 1998), 34–48. Pos Kotais a Jakarta newspaper that is favorable to the municipal government.
3. Gufran Dwipayana, Karta Hadimadja Ramadhan (eds.). Suharto: Pikaran, Ucapkan dan Tindakan Saya. Otobiografi seperti dipaparkan kepadaG. Dwipayana dan K. Ramadhan(Jakarta: Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada, 1988), 364. This passage was removed from subsequent editions of the book.
4. Philippe Aldrin. Sociologie politique des rumeurs(Paris: PUF, 2005).