1. The estimate is based on the Electronic Media Policy portfolio’s annual budget of $3–4 million from 2000 through 2007. Becky Lentz, interview with author, May 10–11, 2010; The Makings of a Social Movement? Strategic Issues and Themes in Communications Policy Work (Philadelphia: OMG Center for Collaborative Learning, 2004), 2. Note that a larger figure occasionally cited, more than $30 million over these years, includes grants from other Ford portfolios not under review in this chapter. “Plugging in the Public Interest,” Ford Reports 37, no. 2 (2007): 14. Precise figures are difficult to determine, since grant making is not specified by portfolio in Ford’s annual repots.
2. Robert F. Arnove, ed., Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982).
3. Joan Roelofs, “Foundations and Collaboration,” Critical Sociology 33, no. 3 (2007): 479–504.
4. Edward H. Berman, “The Extension of Ideology: Foundation Support for Intermediate Organizations and Forums,” Comparative Education Review 26, no. 1 (1982): 48–68.
5. Roelofs, Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003).