1. Michael Baye, Dan Kovenock, and Caspar de Vries, “Comparative Analysis of Litigation Systems: An Auction-Theoretic Approach,” The Economic Journal 115 (2005): 583–601. On the differences between costs of litigation in the United States and Britain
2. see Richard Posner, “Explaining the Variance in the Number of Tort Suits across U.S. States and between the United States and England,” Journal of Legal Studies 26 (1997): 477–90.
3. Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004). On studies that demonstrate the impact-of-the-West genre
4. see Ed Engelhardt, Turquie et le Tanzimat ou Histoire des reformes dans I’Empire ottoman depuis 1826jusqu’a nos jours (Paris: Librairie Cottilon, 1884)
5. H.A.R. Gibb and H. Bowen, Islamic Society and the West: A Study of the Impact of Western Civilization on Moslem Culture in the Near East (two volumes) (London, New York: Oxford University Press, 1950–7)