1. Doug McAdam and David A. Snow, Social Movements (Roxbury, 1997), Introduction.
2. J. McCarthy and M.N. Zald, “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory,” American Journal of Sociology 82, no. 6 (May 1977): 1217–18.
3. H. Blumer, “Collective Behavior,” in Review of Sociology: Analysis of a Decade, ed. J.B. Gittler (New York, 1957).
4. See also T.R. Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970)
5. Denton E. Morrison, “Some Notes toward Theory on Relative Deprivation, Social Movements, and Social Change,” in Collective Behavior and Social Movements, ed. Louis E. Genevie, (Itasca, IL: Peacock, 1978), 202–9.