1. Ali, S.S. (2008) Islamic Capital Markets: Current State and Developmental Challenges. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI).
2. Dusuki, A.W. and Abozaid, A. (2007) A critical appraisal on the challenges of realizing maqasid al-Shariah in Islamic banking and finance. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management 15 (2): 143–165.
3. Ibn al-Subki (2004) Al-Ibhaj. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Arabic.
4. Al-Shatibi (Date Unknown) Al-Muwafaqat. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr, Arabic.
5. These attributes are referred to in verses 21:107 and 10:57 of the Qur’an.