1. For a powerful statement of this shift, see Susan Strange, “The Name of the Game” in N. Rizopoulos (ed.), Sea Changes, New York: Council of Foreign Relations, 1990; also Strange, States and Markets: An Introduction to International Political Economy, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988; or Craig N. Murphy and Roger Tooze (eds.), The New International Political Economy, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1991.
2. An epistemology that applies synthesis is demonstrated elsewhere in Michael H. Allen, “Women, Bargaining, and Change in Seven Structures of World Political Economy,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 25 No. 3, July 1999, also Michael H. Allen, Bargaining and Change: The International Bauxite Association 1973–1977 Ph.D. Thesis, London School of Economics, University of London 1984.
3. There was, to be sure, a certain ambivalence toward both urban modernity and rural life among Africans in Southern Africa, the one associated with antiApartheid class struggle, the other with both traditionalism and rootedness. See Loven Kruger, “The Drama of Country and City,”. Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec. 1997. It had taken strong measures to pry Africans from the land to supply workers for the mines and commercial farms. Frances Kendall and Leon Louw, After Apartheid: The Solution for South Africa, San Francisco: KS Press 1987, p. 12.
4. On divergent Afrikaner responses in the waning years of Apartheid, see Steven Friedman, “The National Party and the South African Transition,” in Robin Lee and Lawrence Schlemmer (eds.), Transition to Democracy: Policy Perspectives, Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1991.
5. See Manfred Halpern, “A Redefinition of the Revolutionary Situation,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1969.