1. M. Hechter, Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development 1536–1966. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. Also see R. Munck, “Globalisation, Development and Labour Strategies: Ireland in Context”, Irish Journal of Sociology, V.9, N.1 (1999): 97–114. “Hybridity” refers to social contexts that exhibit mixtures of pre-modern, modern and post-modern features, and which are “characterized by the intercrossing and sedimentation of these different traditions, social relations and historical times” (99). “Liminality” “indicates the presence of difference: order and disorder, structure and anti-structure, the comprehended and the incomprehensible.” A. Norton, Reflections on Political Identity. New York: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988: 53.
2. See S. Berger (ed.), Organizing Interests in Western Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981; and P. C. Schmitter and G. Lehmbruch (eds), Trends Towards Corporatist Intermediation. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1979.
3. See T. Iversen, Contested Economic Institutions: The Politics of Macroeconomics and Wage Bargaining. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
4. J. Visser, cited in P. Auer, EmploymentRevival inEurope:LabourMarket Success inAustria,Denmark,Ireland, and theNetherlands. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2000: 55.
5. See W. E. J. McCarthy, J. F. O’Brien and V. G. O’Dowd, Wage Inflation and Wage Leadership. Working Paper No.79, The Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, April 1975.