1. Hans Morgenthau, in Politics Among Nations, 4th ed. (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1966), distinguishes between the onset of the Cold War in 1947 and bipolarity, which he does not believe was achieved until the mid-1950s at the earliest.
2. Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979), and “The Emerging Structure of International Politics,” International Security 18 (Fall 1993), pp. 5–43;
3. John J. Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War,” International Security 15 (Summer 1990), pp. 5–56;
4. William C. Wohlforth, “Realism and the End of the Cold War,” International Security 19 (Winter 1994–95), pp. 91–129;
5. Kenneth A. Oye, “Explaining the End of the Cold War: Morphological and Behavioral Adaptations to the Nuclear Peace?,” in Richard Ned Lebow and Thomas Risse-Kappen, International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), pp. 57–84, describe the Cold War and bipolarity as more or less coterminous. For a review of recent historical literature sympathetic to the realist conception of the Cold War,