1. Martin E. Dann, ed., The Black Press, 1827–1890: The Quest for National Identity (New York, 1971), pp. 33–37; Freedom’s Journal, March 16, 1827;
2. Herbert Aptheker, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States: From Colonial Times Through the Civil War, vol. 1 (New York, 1968), pp. 82–85, 89–90;
3. Bella Gross, Freedom’s Journal and the Rights of All, The Journal of Negro History, vol. 15 (1932), pp. 242–244; and “The First National Negro Convention,” Journal of Negro History, vol. 31 (1946), pp. 435–443.
4. Richard Wade, “The Negro in Cincinnati, 1800–1830,” Journal of Negro History, vol. 39. (1954), pp. 50–55;
5. Carter G. Woodson, “The Negroes of Cincinnati Prior to the Civil War,” Journal of Negro History, vol. 1 (1916) pp. 1–22;