1. This argument is analyzed by Riadh Zghal, “Le Développement participa-toire. Participation et monde du travail en Tunisie,” in Driss Guerraoui and Xavier Richet, eds., Stratégies de privatisation: comparaison Maghreb-Europe (L’Harmattan/Casablanca/Paris: Les Editions Toubkal, 1995), 210.
2. For a more comprehensive analysis of the PMN, see Jean-Pierre Cassarino, “The EU-Tunisian Association Agreement and Tunisia’s Structural Reform Program,” The Middle East Journal 53, no. 1 (1999): 59–74.
3. Goren Hyden, “Governance and the Study of Politics,” in Goran Hyden and Michael Bratton, eds., Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992): 7.
4. Sadiq Rasheed and David Fashole Luke, “Toward a New Development Management Paradigm,” in Rasheed and Fashole Luke, eds., Development Management in Africa: Toward Dynamism, Empowerment, and Entrepreneurship (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), 4. “Development management” pertains to the fact that “development is no longer solely the state or public sector responsibility.”
5. Wayne E. Baker, “The Network Organization in Theory and Practice,” in Robert G. Eccles and Nitin Nohira, eds., Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1992): 400.