1. See Peter Anyang’ Nyongo, ed., Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa ( London: Zed Books, 1987 )
2. Peter Anyang’ Nyongo, “Political Instability and Prospects for Democracy in Africa,” Africa Development 8, no. 1 (1988): 71–86
3. See other interdisciplinary studies in Thandika Mkandawire, “Crisis Management and the Making of ‘Choiceless Democracies’,” in State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, ed. R. Joseph ( Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999 )
4. Mkandawire, “Comments on Democracy and Political Instability,” CODESRIA Bulletin 1 (1989): 11–12
5. Mkandawire, “Further Comments on the Development and Democracy Debate,” CODESRIA Bulletin 2 (1991): 11–12