1. Giles Tremlett, Ghosts of Spain. Travels through Spain and its Silent Past (New York: Walker & Company, 2007), p. 11.
2. Omar G. Encarnación, Spanish Politics: Democracy after Dictatorship (Malden, MA: Polity, 2008), p. 132.
3. Donatello’s equestrian statue of the condottiere Erasmo da Narni, better know as Gattamelata, was a source of inspiration to many sculptors and was influential beyond the Renaissance. For a detailed study on Donatello’s work and its inscription within Renaissance and Classical discourse on the equestrian theme, refer to Mary Bergstein, “Donatello’s ‘Gattamelata’ and Its Humanist Audience,” Renaissance Quarterly, 55:3 (2002), pp. 833–868.
4. Paloma Aguilar Fernández, Memory and Amnesia: The Role of the Spanish Civil War in the Transition to Democracy, trans. Mark Oakley (New York: Berghahn Books, 2002), p. 74.
5. Sebastian Balfour, “Spain from 1931 to the Present,” in Spain. A History, ed. Raymond Carr (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 254. Among those considered to be “historic enemies” are the Jews and the Muslims. However, under the Nationalists’ ideology of the war and of the following dictatorial regime, the enemies of the nation included a wide array of groups: Marxists, Freemasons, separatists, and Bolsheviks, among others.