1. S. Hoffman (1995) ‘The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism’, Foreign Policy, 98: 160–161.
2. The concept of ‘democratic peace’ was originally conceived in the framework of maintaining a ‘zone of peace’ among Western liberal states during the 1980s/1990s: democracy would account for democratic peace following cultural/normative and structural/institutional models. For more, see M. Brown et al. (eds) (1996) Debating Democratic Peace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
3. Ayoob, Mohammed (2002) ‘Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty’, International Journal of Human Rights, 6 (1): 82.
4. S. D. Krasner (1999) Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton (NJ: Princeton University Press), p. 4.
5. Weber’s seminal definition of legitimacy is: ‘phenomenon that a social order enjoys “the prestige of being considered binding” and “that the ruled-over voluntarily accept the domination relationship”’. Weber (1978: 31), cited in J. Steffek (2000) ‘The Power of Rational Discourse and the Legitimacy of International Governance’, EUI Working Paper, November 2000, San Domenico, Florence: European University Institute, p. 6. Mark Suchman defines legitimacy as ‘a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs, and definitions’. Mark Suchman (1995), cited in I. Hurd (1999) ’Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics’, International Organization, 53 (2): 379–408.