1. Gloria J. Bazzoli, Benjamin Chan, Stephen M. Shortell, and Thomas D’Aunno, “The Financial Performance of Hospitals Belonging to Health Networks and Systems,” Inquiry, Vol. 37, fall 2000, pp. 234–252.
2. Margaret A. Potter and Beaufort B. Longest, “The Divergence of Federal and State Policies on the Charitable Tax Exemption of Nonprofit Hospitals,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1994, pp. 393–419
3. and Alice Noble, Andrew Hyams, and Nancy Kane, “Charitable Hospital Accountability: A Review and Analysis of Legal and Policy Initiatives,” The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Vol. 26, 1998, pp. 116–137.
4. Office of the Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ Community Benefits Guidelines for Nonprofit Acute Care Hospitals (Boston, MA: June 1994).
5. Herrington J. Bryce, “Profitability of HMOs: Does Non-profit Status Make a Difference,” Health Policy, Vol. 28, 1994, pp. 197–210.