1. Benjamin Coates to Frederick Douglass, 16 January 1851, in Emma J. Lapansky-Werner and Margaret Hope Bacon, eds., Back to Africa: Benjamin Coates and the Colonization Movement in America 1848–1880 (University Park, Pennsylvania, 2005).
2. Thomas Clarkson, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament, 2 vols. (London, 1808); Reginald Coupland, The British Anti-Slavery Movement (London, 1933);
3. Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, 1944);
4. Seymour Drescher, Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition (Pittsburgh, 1977);
5. David Eltis, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (Oxford, 1987);