1. For a more nuanced or less parochial account of democracy’s beginnings see Benjamin Isakhan and Stephen Stockwell (eds), The Secret History of Democracy (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
2. Alan Keenan, Democracy in Question: Democratic Openness in a Time of Political Closure (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), p.2.
3. See Ethan B. Kapstein and Nathan Converse, ‘Why Democracies Fail: Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy,’ Journal of Democracy (Vol.19, No.4, 2008): 57–68, p.57
4. Larry Diamond, ‘A Report Card on Democracy,’ Hoover Digest: Research and Opinion on Public Policy (No.3, 2000), http://www. hoover.org/publications/digest/3491911.html
5. Georg Sorensen, Democracy and Democratization: Processes and Prospects in a Changing World (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), p.1