1. Other designations used in Scotland include Donald Dubh (Gaelic), the Goodman, the Halyman (in the North East), Auld Sym, the Auld Ane or One, the Auld Carl or Chiel, Auld Harry, Auld Sandy, Whaupneb and the Earl of Hell. Mahoun, from Mahomet, was used in Scotland since 1475 but probably dates from the time of the Crusades. John Burnett, Robert Burns and the Hellish Legions (Edinburgh: National Museums Scotland, 2009) 29;
2. Edward J. Cowan, “Burns and Superstition,” in Love & Liberty: Robert Burns, A Bicentenary Celebration, ed. K. Simpson (East Linton: Tuckwell Press, 1997) 234.
3. Darren Oldridge, The Devil: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) 40–1.
4. Robert Muchembled, A History of the Devil from the Middle Ages to the Present, trans. Jean Birrell (2000; Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003) 2–3.
5. There is a wide literature on the changing faces of the Devil. See, for instance, Jeffrey Burton Russell, The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1977);