1. Martin Jay, Cultural Semantics: Keywords of Our Time ( Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998 ), 3.
2. Helen Graham, “The Memory of Murder: Mass Killing, Incarceration and the Making of Francoism,” in Guerray memoria en la España contemporánea/War and Memory in Contemporary Spain, ed. Alison Ribeiro de Menezes, Roberta Ann Quance, and Anne L. Walsh ( Madrid: Verbum, 2009 ), 29–49. (here 29). On Rousset’s concept, see
3. Efraim Sicher, The Holocaust Novel ( New York: Routledge, 2005 ), 2. Curiously, there has as yet been little interest in Spain in reparation for enslaved labor; only Rafael Torres has drawn attention to this point in Los esclavos de Franco/Víctimas de la victoria, 2 vols. ( Madrid: Oberon, 2002 ).
4. Paul Preston, El holocausto español: Odio y exterminio en la guerra civil y después, trans. Catalina Martínez Muñoz and Eugenia Vázquez Nacarino ( Barcelona: Mondadori/Debate, 2011 ).
5. Peter Novick, The Holocaust and Collective Memory: The American Experience ( London: Bloomsbury, 1999 ), 133.