1. Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis archangeli in Monte qui dicitur Tumba V, edited by Pierre Bouet and Olivier Desbordes, Chroniques latines du Mont Saint-Michel (IXe–XIIe siècle) 1 (Caen: Presses universitaires de Caen, 2009), pp. 98–99. All Latin citations are from Bouet’s edition. Mabillon’s edition is published as Apparitio de Sancti Michaelis in Monte Tumba, AASS, September 8.76–79, which John Charles Arnold translates into English: “The ‘Revelatio Ecclesiae de Sancti Michaelis’ and the Mediterranean Origins of Mont St.-Michel,” The Heroic Age 10 (May 2007), http://www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/10/arnold.html. All English citations are from that publication. For the relics, see François Neveux, “Les reliques du Mont-Saint-Michel,” in Culte et pèlerinages à Saint Michel en occident, les trois monts dédiés à l’Archange, edited by Pierre Bouet, Giorgio Otranto, and André Vauchez (Rome: École française de Rome, 2003), pp. 245–269. Also, Jacques Dubois, “Le trésor des reliques de l’abbaye du Mont Saint–Michel,” Millénaire monastique, vol. 1, pp. 501–593.
2. Walter Goffart addresses the historiographical issues surrounding this “transformation” model as opposed to that of “decline and fall,” Barbarian Tides (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), as does James J. O’Donnell, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.07.69, http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu /2005/2005–07-69.html (accessed July 24, 2012). O’Donnell reviews Peter Heather’s The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History (London: Pan MacMillan, 2005),
3. and Bryan Ward-Perkins’s The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), both of which tend toward the “decline and fall” model. Paul Halsall makes the case for “transformation,” in Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West 376–568 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
4. as does Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages, Europe and the Mediterranean 400–800 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
5. For the Frankish settlement, see Edward James, The Franks (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988),