1. Marcelo Caetano, Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos (Lisboa: Edições Ática, 1965), 145. For the protocols and the conference’s closing declaration, see Conférence Internationale de Bruxelles ( Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1891 ).
2. The best collective study of the Berlin Conference and its importance for European colonial and imperial history is still Stig Förster, Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Ronald Robinson (eds), Bismarck, Europe, and Africa ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988 )
3. The best study of the diplomatic manoeuvres immediately before, during and after the Berlin meeting is Sybil Eyre Crowe, The Berlin West African Conference, 1884–1885 ( London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1942 )
4. For more on the Portuguese involvement and the Congo question, see Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, A Diplomacia do Império (Lisbon: Edições 70, 2012), 238–302 (revised and augmented version of ‘Religion, Empire, and the Diplomacy of Colonialism: Portugal, Europe, and the Congo Question, c. 1820–1890’ (London: PhD thesis, King’s College London, 2008))
5. F. Latour da Veiga Pinto, Le Portugal et le Congo au XIXe siècle ( Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1972 ), 246–293.