1. Muriel Atkin, The Subtlest Victory: Islam in Soviet Tajikistan (Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute, 1990).
2. Tim Epkenhans, “The OSCE’s Dilemma in Central Asia”, in Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2006 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2007), p. 212.
3. Payam Foroughi, “Politics and Human Rights in Tajikistan: Squandered Opportunities, Uncertain Future”, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (ed.) OSCE Yearbook 2011 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012), pp. 107–8.
4. Edward Lucas, The New Cold War (London: Bloomsbury, 2008), p. 174.
5. International Labor Organization, Migrant Remittances to Tajikistan: The Potential for Savings, Economic Investment and Existing Financial Products to Attract Remittances (Moscow: ILO, 2010), p. 1.