1. See Charles Miller, Khyber: British India’s North West Frontier, The Story of an Imperial Migraine (New York, 1977); and
2. Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Frontiers: Delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, 2 November 1907, 2nd Edition (Oxford, 1908), p. 56.
3. See Benjamin D. Hopkins, The Making of Modern Afghanistan (Basingstoke, 2008), p. 14.
4. See Magnus Marsden and Benjamin D. Hopkins, Fragments of the Afghan Frontier, (New York, 2011). For the creation of Britain’s “colonial knowledge” regime, see
5. Christopher Bayly, Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 (Cambridge, 1996).