1. Stephen K. Wegren, “Russian Agriculture during Putin’s First Term and Beyond,” Eurasian Geography and Economics 46:3 (2005), p. 224.
2. Stephen K. Wegren, “Rural Reform and Political Culture in Russia,” Europe-Asia Studies 46:2 (1994), p. 228.
3. Yulia Latynina, "Rural Areas Receive the Largest Subsidies From the Government but Vote for the Communists," Sevodnya (July 31, 1996), p. 3 in The Current Digest of the Post Soviet Press 48:31 (1996), p. 8
4. and Eugenia Serova, "Agriculture in the Russian Economy," in Alberto Valdes, ed., Agriculture Support Policies in Transition Economies, World Bank Technical Paper 470 (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2000), p. 36. Roy D. Laird, "Kolkhozy, the Russian Achilles Heel: Failed Agrarian Reform," Europe-Asia Studies 49:3 (1997), pp. 469-78.
5. In 1994–1995, pilot farms in Nizhnii Novgorod showed greater production and profit than the oblast average. On the pilot farms, “annual crop yields were 32 percent higher…and profit per worker was eleven times higher” than the oblast average. International Finance Corporation, Land Privatization and Farm Reorganization in Russia (June 1, 1998); Land Reform in Russia: Land Privatization and Farm Reorganization Project, pp. 28–29.