1. Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, edited with an Introduction and Notes by Patricia Ingham, Oxford World’s Classics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 378–80
2. See Ken Ireland, The Sequential Dynamics of Narrative: Energies at the Margins of Fiction (Cranbury, NJ and London: Associated University Presses, 2001), pp. 80–7.
3. See Peter J. Casagrande, Unity in Hardy’s Novels: ‘Repetitive Symmetries’ (Lawrence: The Regents Press of Kansas, 1982)
4. J. Hillis Miller, Fiction and Repetition: Seven English Novels (Oxford: Blackwell, 1982).
5. Michael Millgate, Thomas Hardy: His Career as a Novelist (London: Bodley Head, 1971), p. 333