1. Chrétien de Troyes, Le Conte du Graal, ed. D. F. Hult, in Romans, suivis des Chansons et, en appendice, Philomena, ed. Michel Zink (Paris: Librairie Générale Française, 1994), lines 236–238, pp. 949–950. Translations of Chrétien’s romances are drawn from Arthurian Romances, trans. William W. Kibler and Carleton W. Carroll (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991).
2. Brigitte Cazelles, The Unholy Grail: A Social Reading of Chrétien’s ‘Conte du Graal’ (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996), p. 11.
3. See Sarah Kay, “Who Was Chrétien de Troyes?” Arthurian Literature 15 (1996): 1–35.
4. See, for example, Peter Haidu, Aesthetic Distance in Chrétien de Troyes: Irony and Comedy in Cligès and Perceval (Geneva: Droz, 1968);
5. Douglas Kelly, Sens et Conjointure in the Chevalier de la Charrette (The Hague: Mouton, 1966);