1. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees or Private Vices, Publick Benefits, vol. 2, ed. F. B. Kaye (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), 353.
2. Friedrich A. Hayek, “Dr. Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733),” in The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek, vol. 3, ed. W. W. Bartley III and Stephen Kresge, The Trend of Economic Thinking: Essays on Political Economists and Economic History (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, [1966] 1991), 95.
3. Friedrich A. Hayek, “The Results of Human Action but not of Human Design,” in Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago, 1967), 96–105.
4. Jacob Viner, “Hayek on Freedom and Coercion,” Southern Economic Journal 27, no. 3 (January 1961): 230–36. Hayek and Social Darwinism are discussed by Peart and Levy elsewhere in this present volume. Hayek and evolved rules are discussed by Gaus in this present volume. Viner’s challenge to a listing of “appropriate” government functions is that on Hayekian grounds government policy is endogenous. Viner, “Hayek on Freedom and Coercion,” 235: “It seems feasibleto me to apply Hayek’s method of speculative history to government itself, and to treat it, with all its defects and such merits as Hayek may be willing to concede to it, as itself an institution which is in large degree a spontaneous growth, inherently decentralized, experimental, innovating, subject not only to tendencies for costly meddling but also to propensities for inertia and costly inaction.”
5. Friedrich A. Hayek, “The Trend in Economic Thinking,” in The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek, vol. 3, ed. W. W. Bartley III and Stephen Kresge, The Trend of Economic Thinking: Essays on Political Economists and Economic History (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, [1933] 1991), 17–34.