1. I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali (Oxford: James Currey, 4th edition, 2002)
2. Interpeace, A History of Mediation in Somalia since 1988 (Nairobi: Interpeace, May 2009)
3. John L. Hirsch and Robert B. Oakley, Somalia and Operation Restore Hope (Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press, 1996)
4. Mark Bradbury, Becoming Somaliland (Oxford: James Currey, 2008)
5. John S. Burnett, Where Soldiers Fear to Tread (London: Bantam, 2006).