1. Masha Gessen, The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin (London: Granta Books, 2012), p. 229.
2. Carlotta Gall and Tom de Waal, Chechnya: A Small Victorious War (London: Picador, 1997), p. 161.
3. Michael McFaul, “Russian Politics after Chechnya”, Foreign Policy (No. 99, Summer 1995), p. 151.
4. Emma Gilligan, Terror in Chechnya (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 205.
5. Sarah E. Mendelson, “Anatomy of Ambivalence: The International Community and Human Rights Abuse in the North Caucasus”, Problems of Post-Communism (Vol. 53, No. 6, November/December 2006), pp. 4–5.