1. William Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, ed. Claire McEachern (London: Arden Shakespeare, 2006).
2. Eating a heart, like drinking blood, constituted a gesture loaded with humoral import. See Gail Kern Paster’s Humoring the Body: Emotions and the Shakespearean Stage (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), Chapter 1.
3. Tom MacFaul, Male Friendship in Shakespeare and His Contemporaries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 89.
4. Thomas Churchyard quoted in Markku Peltonen, The Duel in Early Modern England: Civility, Politeness, and Honour (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 55.
5. Mary Floyd-Wilson discusses the concept of “mettle” in reference to perceptions about the “northern” humor (phlegmatic, or cold and moist) the English were reputed to have. She shows how, in Henry V, Englishmen are shown as perhaps surprisingly valorous because, while phlegmatic, the English temperament is associated simultaneously with fortitude: the English may be slow to heat up, but once they are moved, they can sustain that level of manly vigor for a long time (Floyd-Wilson, “English Mettle,” in Reading the Early Modern Passions: Essays in the Cultural History of Emotion, eds. Gail Kern Paster, Katherine Rowe, and Mary Floyd-Wilson [Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004]). While Floyd-Wilson focuses on the kind of temperament the English are shown to possess, however, noting only that “their natural heat must be awakened with great labor” and that “English valor is deemed unique, powerful, and sturdy because it requires the effort of such rhetoric” as present in Henry’s speeches (145), I would like to focus on the more physiological than rhetorical means by which the English temper is roused—and appeased. 9. Laurie Shannon, Sovereign Amity: Figures of Friendship in Shakespearean Contexts (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 3–4.