1. Alan Abramowitz, “Terrorism, Gay Marriage, and Incumbency: Explaining the Republican Victory in the 2004 Presidential Election,” The Forum 2 (2005): 1–9.
2. Scott Keeter, Cary Funk and Courtney Kennedy, “Deaniacs and Democrats: Howard Dean’s Campaign Activists” (paper presented at the State of the Parties Conference, Akron, OH, October 2005).
3. J. Kevin, McMahon, David M. Rankin, Donald W. Beachler, and John Kenneth White. Winning the White House, 2004: Region by Region, Vote by Vote (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005); though some scholars question whether notions of electability are driven by “wishful thinking” among primary voters rallying behind viable candidates,
4. see Alan I. Abramowitz, “Viability, Electability, and Candidate Choice in a Presidential Primary Election: A Test of Competing Models,” Journal of Politics 51 (1989): 977–992.
5. Sunshine Hillygus and Todd G. Shields, The Persuadable Voter (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2008).