1. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Penguin, 1992);
2. Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilization?” Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3, (1993), 22–49. For a Muslim perception of the reaction of the High Council of Islamic Affairs of al-Azhar,
3. see Mustapha Manjud, “Khibrat al-Majlis al-A’la li’l-Shu’un al-Islamiyya,” in Min Khibrat Hiwar al-Hadarat:Qira’at fi Namazij `Ala al-Sa`id al-`Alami wa’l-Iqlimi wa’l-Misri (Proceedings of the Cairo Conference October 30–31, 2002), 351–96.
4. Rajab Al-Banna, Al-Aqbat fi Misr wa’l-Mahjar: Hiwarat ma` al-Baba Shenuda, (Cairo: Dar al-Ma`arif, 1998), 280.
5. Yvonne Y. Haddad, “Islamist Depictions of Christianity in the Twentieth Century: The Pluralism Debate and the Depiction of the Other.” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 7, no. 1 (1996), 75–93.