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3. Allen, R. 1980. Vaudeville and Film 1895–1915: A Study in Media Interaction. New York: Arno Press.
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5. Allen, R. C. 2002. ‘“A Decided Sensation”: Cinema, Vaudeville, and Burlesque’. In P. McDonnell (ed.), On the Edge of Your Seat: Popular Theater and Film in Early Twentieth-Century American Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.