1. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Collected Works: Volume 35 (London, 1986), 12–23 (17).
2. Isaiah Berlin, The Crooked Timber of Humanity, ed. Henry Hardy (London, 2003), 48; Henry Hardy, ‘Editor’s Preface’, The Crooked Timber, ix–xii (xi–xii).
3. Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, trans. Daniel De Leon (Chicago, 1907), 5.
4. Leszek Kołakowski, Modernity on Endless Trial (London, 1990), 142.
5. Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, NY, 1989), 113.