1. I use the term “information state” in the sense utilized by Edward Higgs in The Information State in England (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
2. Angus Fraser, The Gypsies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 248.
3. See here Higgs, Information State, as well as Leo Lucassen, “Between Hobbes and Locke: Gypsies and the Limits of the Modernization Paradigm,” Social History 33, no. 4 (2008): 423–41
4. Jane Caplan and John Torpey, Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001).
5. Christopher Dandeker, Surveillance, Power, and Modernity: Bureaucracy and Discipline from 1700 to the Present Day (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990).